Chazaka nie uzyskuje się z marzevem [małą wylewką umieszczoną na końcu rynny dachowej], ale uzyskuje z jej miejscem. [Gdyby tam był marrzev, a właściciel dziedzińca przyszedł go całkowicie usunąć, aby woda z dachu nie rozlała się na jego dziedziniec, nie może tego zrobić; bo drugi ma już chazakę, którą wody na jego dachu wylewają z tego marzevu. Ale jeśli przyszedł, aby go zawrócić, np. Gdyby był ustawiony na południu, a przyszedł, aby ustawić go na północy, właściciel marzeva nie może go powstrzymać, ponieważ nic przez to nie traci i nie ma chazaki, że był zawsze umieszczony z jednej strony. „marzev”—miejsce, z którego spływa kropla deszczu. „mar” = kropla, jak w (Izajasz 40:15): „Oto narody są jak kropla (mar) z wiadra”]. Chazakah uzyskuje za pomocą mazchili [rynny dachowej]. Będąc przedmiotem stałym, ma chazakę.] Chazakah nie uzyskuje egipskiej drabiny. [Ponieważ jest mały i nie jest ustalony, nikt nie sprzeciwia się umieszczeniu go przez kogoś innego na swoim dziedzińcu, aby wejść na swój (własny) dach lub gołębicę, z tego powodu nie ma chazakah.] Chazakah nie uzyskuje z egipskie okno. [Mały otwór, niewystarczająco duży, aby przejść przez głowę mężczyzny, nie ma czazaki. A jeśli właściciel dziedzińca chce zbudować naprzeciw okna i zablokować je, właściciel okna nie może mu powiedzieć: „Mam już w nim czazakę i nie możesz go zablokować”. Bo drugi może mu powiedzieć: „Pozwoliłem na to tylko dlatego, że nie wyrządziło mi to żadnej szkody”. A mimo to, gdyby chciał, mógłby go przede wszystkim powstrzymać, nawet gdyby była większa niż cztery łokcie. Mógł mu bowiem powiedzieć: „(sprzeciwiam się), bo mógłbyś postawić ławkę pod oknem, aby na mnie spojrzeć”. Pozwoliwszy mu też to zrobić, nie ma chazaki.] A chazaka otrzymuje okno tyryjskie [otwór, przez który zmieści się głowa człowieka, nawet jeśli jest większa niż cztery łokcie. Lub otwór przeznaczony do wpuszczania światła, nawet jeśli jest bardzo mały. Lub okno poniżej czterech łokci. Wszystkie te trzy otwory—Jeśli ktoś pozwoli na ich wykonanie, otrzyma je chazakah, a on (właściciel dziedzińca) nie może już budować naprzeciw nich i blokować ich. Chazakah bowiem otrzymuje się tam, gdzie jest (przyzwolenie) na szkody, z wyjątkiem (uszkodzeń) dymu, kurzu i wychodka (tj. Nieprzyjemny zapach), chazakah nie uzyskuje się z tymi trzema, nawet po upływie wielu lat. Ale chazakah uzyskuje z uszkodzeniami wzroku (przyzwolenie). A trzy lata chazaki nie są potrzebne do odszkodowania; ale pojawia się, gdy tylko on („szkodnik”) może powiedzieć uszkodzonemu: „Doświadczyłeś szkody i nie protestowałeś”]. Co to jest okno egipskie? Cokolwiek głowa mężczyzny nie może się zmieścić. R. Juda mówi: Jeśli ma ramę, [taką jak nadproże u góry i poprzeczkę u dołu], nawet jeśli głowa mężczyzny nie może się zmieścić, czazaka uzyskuje z nią. Ziz [drewno lub kamień wystający ze ściany na dziedziniec sąsiada], aż do szerokości dłoni, uzyskuje z nim chazakah. [Jeśli jest to szerokość dłoni lub więcej, chazakah uzyskuje ją, a właściciel dziedzińca nie może budować przeciwko niemu i blokować zizu, a drugi ma w sobie chazakę]. I może protestować. [Jeśli właściciel chce wstawić ziz, szerokość dłoni lub więcej, właściciel dziedzińca może zaprotestować przeciwko jego zrobieniu.] Mając mniej niż szerokość dłoni chazakah nie otrzymuje i nie może protestować. [Jeśli jest mniejszy niż szerokość dłoni, nie jest to przedmiot stały, z tego powodu chazakah nie otrzymuje go, aby ktoś inny mógł budować przeciwko niemu i blokować go. A jeśli właściciel ściany chce na początek wstawić taki ziz, właściciel dziedzińca nie może go powstrzymać.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
מרזב – a small spout, that they place it at the end of the large spout that goes all around the perimeter of the roof.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
Introduction
Mishnah six continues to discuss what types of activities can create chazakah.
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אין לו חזקה ויש למקומו חזקה – if there was a there a spout and the owner of the courtyard came to uproot it completely, so that the water of he roof would not spill into his courtyard, he is not able to do so, for he already has possession for this that the root waters spill via that spout, but if he comes to reverse it, that it was placed in the southern direction and he comes to place it in the northern direction, the owner of the movable tube attached to the roof gutters cannot delay it, for it is not something that causes him loss, and he lacks possession, for it will always stand in that direction.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
Our mishnah continues to discuss the same issue as we discussed in the previous mishnah: which acts entail possession in order to establish the right to continue to do the acts after a period of three years. If the act is considered a sign of possession than the owner of the item can tell others that they may not use the object. Since if another person uses the object he will establish the right to continue to do so in the future, it makes sense that the owner can prevent them from usage in the present. If, however, the act is relatively insignificant, and will not lead to the right to continue to do the act in the future, than the owner cannot prevent others from doing so in the present. We will now explain each section separately.
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מרזב – the place where the drop of rain water flows from it. [The word] מר /bitter is a טפה/droop, like (Isaiah 40:15): “The nations are but a drop in a bucket.”
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A gutter spout cannot cause title through possession [so that the spout may still be moved] but title through possession may be claimed to its place [so that the place must be left for its present purpose]. A gutter spout is a tiny pipe on the edge of a larger gutter pipe which would be on the roof to allow drainage of water. If the spout, which belongs to one person, is draining into another’s courtyard the owner of the courtyard can direct the spout out of his courtyard and this will not establish possession over the spout. He cannot, however, totally remove the spout for the mere existence or non-existence of the spout is a sign of possession. If he were to remove the spout and the owner were not to protest, the owner would not be able to protest after three years.
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מזחילה – a large spout that supports all the length of the roof. This is a something fixed, therefore it has presumed possession.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
A gutter can give title through possession. A gutter (larger than the spout) is a sign of possession. Therefore the owner of a courtyard cannot even direct another person’s gutter, for if the owner were not to protest after three years he would lose his right to do so.
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סולם [המצרי] – small and is not fixed, and no one is strict about it if one puts it into the courtyard of his fellow in order to ascend on it to his roof or to the dovecote. Therefore, it does not have presumption of possession.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
An Egyptian ladder cannot give title through possession but a Tyrian ladder can. An Egyptian ladder is a small ladder used on a temporary basis. Placing one in another person’s courtyard is not a significant act. If Reuven were to place his Egyptian ladder on Shimon’s property for three years, Shimon could still protest after three years. However, the use of a Tyrian ladder, which is large, is a significant act. If a person were to use it in another’s courtyard for three years then the owner of the courtyard could not subsequently protest.
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חלון המצרי – a small window where the head of person cannot enter it,
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An Egyptian window cannot give title through possession but a Tyrian window can. What is an Egyptian window? Any through which a man’s head may not enter. Rabbi Judah says: “If it has a frame, even though a man’s head cannot enter through it, it can give title through possession.” An Egyptian window is a small window. If Reuven were to open an Egyptian window in the wall of his courtyard and it were to exist for three years, Shimon could still subsequently block the window. Even though Shimon did not protest for three years, there are no subsequent rights caused by a small window. However, a Tyrian window which is large, does cause subsequent rights. If Reuven were to open a Tyrian window in the wall of his courtyard and it were to exist for three years, Shimon could not subsequently block the window. If he wished to protest he should have done so during the three years.
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he has no presumption of possession, but if the owner of the courtyard wanted to build opposite the widow and to close it up, the owner of the window cannot say: “I have already taken possession of it and you cannot close it up.” And he said to him this: “You were not appeased other than that I didn’t have any damages in it, and even so, if he had wanted from the outset, when he opened it up, he could have delayed it that he would not open it. And even if it was higher than four cubits, for he could have said to him, lest you place a small bench near the window so that you can look at me, and after he placed it [also] he opened it, he has no presumption of possession.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
A projection, if it extends a handbreadth or more can give title through possession, and the other [into whose premises it projects] can protest against it. But if it is less than a handbreadth it cannot give title through possession and the other cannot protest against it. If Reuven were to build a wall that had a projection on it, such as a stray piece of wood or stone, longer than a handbreadth and that projection were to extend onto Shimon’s property, and Shimon did not protest for three years, he could no longer protest. Since this is an intrusive projection, we also allow Shimon to force Reuven to take it down, provided he protest within three years. A smaller projection is different. If it were to extend less than one handbreadth into Shimon’s property, Shimon may not protest. However, even after three years Shimon could take down the projection, or otherwise block it, since there is no assumption of possession.
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ולצורית יש לו חזקה – a window where the head of a person can enter into it, and even where it is higher than four cubits, or a window that is made of for its light, and even if it is very small, or a window which is lower than four cubits, each one of these three windows, if he left it and opened it, he has possession, but furthermore, he is not able to build opposite it and close it up, for there is possession for damages except for fumigating and dust and the bathroom, meaning to say, bad smell, for these three [things] do not have presumption of possession, even if he held them several years. But damage is a proof that he has possession, and he doesn’t need possession for damages for three years but when damage occurs, in order that he can say to the one who suffered damage: “you already knew of this damage and didn’t protest, this is possession.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
מלבן – a building from outside like a kind of lintel from above or a lower door-sill from below.
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זיז – wood or stone that projects out from its wall to the airspace of his fellow’s courtyard. If it has a handbreadth or more, he has possession and the owner of the courtyard opposite to him cannot build to close the projection [serving as a shed over the entrance], after he has taken possession of it.
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ויכול למחות בו – when the owner of the wall comes to remove the projection which has a handbreadth or more, the owner of the courtyard can protest it that he should not remove it.
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פחות מטפח – this is not a matter of being fixed. Therefore, he does not have possession, and he can build opposite him and close it up, and when the owner of the wall comes to remove it ab initio, the owner of the courtyard cannot prevent it.
